The idea
Our movement has the DNA to resist the tide.
Events
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American Civil War
1861–1865
National conflict strains churches and communities.
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The Sand Creek Address and Declaration
1889
Conservative Illinois leaders declare separation from churches supporting missionary societies, instrumental music, and located preachers — the first public move from disagreement to division.
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U.S. Census Listing
1906
Recognizes Churches of Christ as a distinct body.
Documents
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Gospel Advocate
1855–Present
Founded in 1855 by Tolbert Fanning and William Lipscomb, the *Gospel Advocate* championed congregational autonomy, Bible study, and moral formation across the American South. After the Civil War it became the primary periodical of Churches of Christ, shaping debates on missionary societies, instrumental music, and Christian engagement in politics.
Read aloud
I have no idea of adding to the catalogue of new sects. I labor to see sectarianism abolished and all Christians of every name united upon the one foundation upon which the apostolic church was founded.